Pigment

Pigment

Pigments are insoluble chemicals, whether organic or inorganic, that are used to provide colour to different products on the EU market. They comprise several chemicals, a number of which are nanomaterials. The size of the pigment particles can play an important role in the properties of these chemicals.

Nanomaterials, such as colloidal gold particles for staining glass have been used for hundreds of years, and can be found in the stained glass windows of many historical buildings throughout Europe. Nanomaterial pigments can be found in a number of different products, paints, coatings, printing inks, and cosmetics.

The characterisation of which pigments are nanomaterials, represents an important scientific and regulatory challenge, as is the case for nanomaterials in general. The placement of pigments, including nanomaterial pigments, on the EU market is governed by different regulations, including the REACH regulation, and where relevant, EU regulations on cosmetic products and foods, among others.

 

List of nano-pigments on the EU market

As part of a study commissioned by the EUON to investigate the safe use of nano-sized pigments in consumer products, as well as their safety when used by professionals and workers, a list of nano-sized pigments currently known to be on the EU market was established.

The list consists of 81 substances from the European Chemicals Agency's (ECHA's) chemicals database as well as publications by the Belgian and French national inventories, and the current EU catalogue of nanomaterials used in cosmetic products. Data from the Danish Product Register was also used. Click on the substance names in the list to get more information from ECHA's chemicals database.

 

 More on the EUON

 

 

See also

 

 

No Name REACH Data
REACH tonnage (tpa) Professional use Consumer use
1 Titanium dioxide 1,000,000 + Y Y
2 Rutile (TiO2) 10,000 - 100,000 Y  
3 Iron hydroxide oxide yellow 100,000 - 1,000,000 Y Y
4 Diiron trioxide / Iron (III) oxide 100,000 - 1,000,000 Y Y
5 Zinc oxide 100,000 - 1,000,000 Y Y
6 Manganese ferrite black spinel 1,000 - 10,000 Y Y
7 Silicon Dioxide 1,000,000 + Y Y
8 Iron manganese trioxide 1,000 - 10,000 Y Y
9 Aluminium Oxide 10,000,000+ Y Y
10 (2E)-10,12-dioxa-2,3,6,8,14,16-hexaaza-11-nickelatricyclo[11.4.0.04,9]heptadeca-1(13),2,4(9)-triene-5,7,15,17-tetrone; 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine 100 - 1,000 Y Y
11 Calcium carbonate 1,000,000 - 10,000,000 Y Y
12 Barium sulphate 10,000 - 100,000 Y Y
13 Carbon black 1,000,000 + Y Y
14 Cobalt aluminate blue spinel 1,000 - 10,000 Y  
15 Bismuth vanadium tetraoxide 1,000 - 10,000 Y Y
16 29H,31H-phthalocyaninato(2-)-N29,N30,N31,N32 copper 10,000 - 100,000 Y Y
17 5,12-dihydro-2,9-dimethylquino-[2,3-b]acridine-7,14-dione 1,000 - 10,000 Y Y
18 5,12-dihydroquino[2,3-b]acridine-7,14-dione 1,000 - 10,000 Y Y
19 4-[(4-aminophenyl)[4-(methylimino)cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]methyl]aniline Not Registered    
20 Polychloro copper phthalocyanine 1,000 - 10,000 Y Y
21 2-[(4-methyl-2-nitrophenyl)azo]-3-oxo-N-phenylbutyramide 100 - 1,000 Y Y
22 4-[[4-(aminocarbonyl)phenyl]azo]-N-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxamide 1,000 - 10,000 Y Y
23 1-[(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)azo]-2-naphthol 100 - 1,000 Y Y
24 1-[(2,4-dinitrophenyl)azo]-2-naphthol 100 - 1,000 Y Y
25 4,4'-[(3,3'-dichloro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[2,4-dihydro-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3H-pyrazol-3-one] 100 - 1,000 Y Y
26 4,4'-diamino[1,1'-bianthracene]-9,9',10,10'-tetraone 100 - 1,000 Y Y
27 bisbenzimidazo[2,1-b:2',1'-i]benzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-8,17-dione 10 – 100 Y  
28 2,2'-[(3,3'-dichloro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-oxobutyramide] 1,000 - 10,000 Y Y
29 manganese, 4-[(5-chloro-4-methyl-2-sulfophenyl)azo]-3-hydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid complex 100- 1,000 Y Y
30 N-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-[[2-methoxy-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]azo]naphthalene-2-carboxamide 100 - 1,000 Y Y
31 2,2'-[(3,3'-dichloro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[N-(2-methylphenyl)-3-oxobutyramide] 1,000 - 10,000 Y Y
32 2,2'-[(3,3'-dichloro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[N-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-oxobutyramide] 1,000 - 10,000 Y Y
33 3,3'-[(2-chloro-5-methyl-p-phenylene)bis[imino(1-acetyl-2-oxoethylene)azo]]bis[4-chloro-N-(3-chloro-o-tolyl)benzamide] 100 - 1,000 Y Y
34 4-[(2,5-dichlorophenyl)azo]-3-hydroxy-N-phenylnaphthalene-2-carboxamide 1,000 - 10,000 Y Y
35 2,20-dichloro-13,31-diethyl-4,22-dioxa-13,18,31,36-tetraazanonacyclo
[19.15.0.0³,¹⁹.0⁵,¹⁷.0⁶,¹⁴.0⁷,¹².0²³,³⁵.0²⁴,³².0²⁵,³⁰]
hexatriaconta-1(36),2,5,7(12),8,10,14,16,18,20,23(35),24(32),25,27,29,33-hexadecaene		 1,000 - 10,000
 		 Y Y
36 2-[(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)azo]-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxobutyramide 1,000 - 10,000 Y Y
37 3-hydroxy-4-[(2-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)azo]-N-(o-tolyl)naphthalene-2-carboxamide 10 – 100 No Use reported No uses reported
38 N-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-[[5-[(diethylamino)sulphonyl]-2-methoxyphenyl]azo]-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxamide 10 – 100 No Use reported No Use reported
39 3-hydroxy-N-(o-tolyl)-4-[(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)azo]naphthalene-2-carboxamide 1,000 - 10,000 Y Y
40 4-[(2,5-dichlorophenyl)azo]-N-(2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxamide 10 – 100 No Use reported No Use reported
41 Calcium 4-[(5-chloro-4-methyl-2-sulphonatophenyl)azo]-3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate 1,000 - 10,000 Y Y
42 Barium 4-[(5-chloro-4-methyl-2-sulphonatophenyl)azo]-3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate 100 - 1,000 Y Y
43 2-[(4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)azo]-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxobutyramide 100 - 1,000 Y Y
44 Strontium 4-[(5-chloro-4-methyl-2-sulphonatophenyl)azo]-3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate (1:1) 100 - 1,000 Y Y
45 4,4'-[(3,3'-dichloro[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(azo)]bis[2,4-dihydro-5-methyl-2-(p-tolyl)-3H-pyrazol-3-one] 100 - 1,000 Y Y
46 3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-N-[2-(4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-1H-inden-2-yl)-8-quinolyl]phthalimide 100 - 1,000 Y Y
47 Dimethyl 2-[[1-[[(2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)amino]carbonyl]-2-oxopropyl]azo]terephthalate 10 - 100 No Use reported No Use reported
48 5,5'-(1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-diylidene)dibarbituric acid 1,000 - 10,000 Y Y
49 4-[[4-(aminocarbonyl)phenyl]azo]-3-hydroxy-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)naphthalene-2-carboxamide 10 - 100 Y Y
50 N-(2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)-2-[(4-nitrophenyl)azo]-3-oxobutyramide 10 - 100 No Use reported No Use reported
51 Methyl 4-[[(2,5-dichlorophenyl)amino]carbonyl]-2-[[2-hydroxy-3-[[(2-methoxyphenyl)amino]carbonyl]-1-naphthyl]azo]benzoate 100 - 1,000 Y Y
52 N-(2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)-3-oxo-2-[[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]azo]butyramide 100 - 1,000 Y Y
53 Tetramethyl 2,2'-[1,4-phenylenebis[imino(1-acetyl-2-oxoethane-1,2-diyl)azo]]bisterephthalate 100 - 1,000 Y Y
54 5-[(2,3-dihydro-6-methyl-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)azo]barbituric acid 100 - 1,000 Y Y
55 N-[4-(aminocarbonyl)phenyl]-4-[[1-[[(2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)amino]carbonyl]-2-oxopropyl]azo]benzamide 100 - 1,000 Y Y
56 2,2'-[ethylenebis(oxyphenyl-2,1-eneazo)]bis[N-(2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)-3-oxobutyramide 100 - 1,000 Y Y
57 3,3'-[(2-chloro-5-methyl-p-phenylene)bis[imino(1-acetyl-2-oxoethylene)azo]]bis[4-chloro-N-[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide] 10 - 100 Y Y
58 3,6-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1H,2H,4H,5H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione 1,000 - 10,000. Y Y
59

3,6-bis(4-phenylphenyl)-1H,2H,4H,5H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione

 10-100 Y Y
60  

N-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-[(E)-2-[2-methoxy-5-(phenylcarbamoyl)phenyl]diazen-1-yl]naphthalene-2-carboxamide; N-(5-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-[(E)-2-[2-methoxy-5-(phenylcarbamoyl)phenyl]diazen-1-yl]naphthalene-2-carboxamide

 100 - 1,000 No Use reported No Use reported
61 Ethanaminium, N-[4-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl][4-(ethylamino)-1-naphthalenyl]methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-Nethyl-, molybdatetungstatephosphate Not Registered    
62 2,9-dichloro-5,12-dihydroquino[2,3-b]acridine-7,14-dione Not Registered    
63 barium bis[2-chloro-5-[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl)azo]toluene-4-sulphonate] Not Registered    
64 Xanthylium, 9-[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-3,6-bis(ethylamino)-2,7-dimethyl-, molybdatesilicate Not Registered    
65 Benzenamine, N,N-dimethyl-, oxidized, molybdatetungstatephosphates Not Registered    
66 4-[(2,5-dichlorophenyl)azo]-3-hydroxy-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)naphthalene-2-carboxamide 0 - 10 No Use reported No Use reported
67 2-[(4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)azo]-N-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-oxobutyramide 100 - 1,000 Y Y
68 benzenamine, 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-imino-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)methyl]-, N-Me derivatives,molybdatephosphates Not Registered    
69 Butanamide, 2,2'-((3,3'-dichloro(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-
diyl)bis(2,1-diazenediyl))bis(N-(2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1Hbenzimidazol-5-yl)-3-oxo-		 Not Registered    
70 N-(2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)-3-hydroxy-4-[[2-methoxy-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]azo]naphthalene-2-carboxamide 100 - 1,000 Y Y
71 Bis[[4-[[4-(diethylamino)phenyl][4-(ethylamino)-1-naphthyl]methylene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]diethylammonium] dicopper(1+) hexa(cyano-C)ferrate(4-) 10 - 100    
72 N,N'-(2-chloro-1,4-phenylene)bis[4-[(4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)azo]-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxamide] 100 - 1,000 Y Y
73 Copper(II)-hydroxycarbonate 1,000 - 10,000 Y Y
74 Chromium(III) oxide 10,000 -100,000 Y Y
75 Disodium 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-methyl-2-sulphonatophenyl)azo]-2-naphthoate 10-100 Y Y
76 Calcium 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-methyl-2-sulphonatophenyl)azo]-2-naphthoate      
77 Prussian blue 100-1,000 Y Y
78 Triiron tetraoxide 1,000 - 10,000 Y Y
79 Silver (Ag) 100,000 - 1,000,000 Y  
80 Gold 100 - 1,000 Y Y
81 Copper 1,000,000 - 10,000,000 Y Y

 

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